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Velocity of M2

How fast the money supply turns over against GDP.

Velocity of M2
1.41
Ratio · latest, Apr 2026
vs prior quarter→ 0.0%
vs year ago▲ 1.2%
1960-61 Recession · Apr 1960 – Feb 19611969-70 Recession · Dec 1969 – Nov 19701973-75 Recession · Nov 1973 – Mar 19751980 Recession · Jan 1980 – Jul 19801981-82 Recession · Jul 1981 – Nov 19821990-91 Recession · Jul 1990 – Mar 19912001 Recession · Mar 2001 – Nov 2001Global Financial Crisis · Dec 2007 – Jun 2009COVID-19 Recession · Feb 2020 – Apr 20201.201.401.601.802.0019601970198019902000201020201.41
Velocity of M2 — one value per year; US recessions are shaded on the chart.
YearVelocity of M2
19591.78
19601.74
19611.74
19621.70
19631.67
19641.65
19651.69
19661.74
19671.69
19681.72
19691.77
19701.75
19711.69
19721.67
19731.74
19741.78
19751.75
19761.70
19771.72
19781.82
19791.86
19801.87
19811.89
19821.80
19831.80
19841.82
19851.79
19861.72
19871.78
19881.81
19891.83
19901.84
19911.86
19921.95
19932.02
19942.14
19952.15
19962.18
19972.18
19982.14
19992.15
20002.13
20011.98
20021.92
20031.94
20041.96
20052.00
20061.99
20071.97
20081.81
20091.72
20101.74
20111.64
20121.58
20131.56
20141.54
20151.50
20161.45
20171.45
20181.46
20191.44
20201.17
20211.16
20221.25
20231.37
20241.39
20251.41
20261.41

Hover the line to read any month. Drag across the chart to zoom; double-click to reset.

Source: FRED · M2V · series · Jan 1959 to Apr 2026 · latest-revised

Refreshed Jul 31, 2026 from FRED.

How fast the money supply turns over against GDP.

Ratio of nominal GDP to the M2 money stock: how fast a dollar of M2 turns over.

Source: FRED · Apr 2026 · Full lesson → Learn

About the bands. Shaded spans are NBER-dated US recessions, drawn as factual overlays. They mark when the economy contracted, not why. Lining an event up with a move is not evidence it caused the move.